EB-3 Green Card
The EB-3 category is reserved for skilled workers with two years training and experience; professionals with bachelor's degrees; and other "unskilled" workers. As with the EB-2 green card, Canadians who qualify for an EB-3 green card must have an employer who is willing to file a petition on his/her behalf. See For U.S. Employers: Employment-Based Green Cards for more details.

Employment-Based Green Cards
PERM

Employers looking to petition a Canadian citizen employee for an employment-based green card under the EB-2 or EB-3 categories must undergo a process known as PERM, which is the first step in the process of obtaining Labor Certification. To do this, the employer must underdo a series of recruiting procedures, such as newspaper advertising, to demonstrate that it was unable to recruit a qualified U.S. worker for that position.

Similar to the H-1B, the U.S. employer must pay at least the prevailing wage for the occupation in the area of intended employment.  Employing the Canadian citizen must also not adversely affect the wages and conditions of other U.S. workers.

The employer must also be ready, willing and able to hire the Canadian citizen on a full-time and permanent basis in the future.  The job opening must be legitimate and equally available to U.S. workers.  Further, the employer must show that it was unable to find any qualified U.S. workers for the position.

Moreover, the proposed job duties and description must be that which is customarily required for that particular occupation, and it cannot be tailored to the Canadian employee’s personal and unique qualifications simply to circumvent the recruiting process.  Finally, the employer must retain all supporting documents used to prepare the application at the place of business for five years.
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But their access to certain special types of temporary visas, such as the TN, may help them establish a relationship with a U.S. employer willing to sponsor them for a green card.
Take the Canadian example to make this threat more understandable.

The three American immigration green card categories we are talking about are EB-1, EB-2, and EB-3 categories.  The State Department reports that in 2017, Canada got 1,497; 2,038; and 1,222 immigration visas, respectively: a total of 4,757. (In other years, Canada has gotten substantially more.) Under the Yoder language, some analysts have read those totals to be reduced by 77% in the first year, 85% in the second year, and then to zero or close to it (particularly in EB-2) for an extended period. That’s bad enough.

But it gets much worse: Doing the math in the EB-1 category, the priority worker category in which Canada has been getting 1,500 or so green cards a year (extraordinary ability, outstanding professors, and multinational managers), Canada would be immediately reduced to zero – indefinitely. Should Yoder pass (using 2017 numbers) in 2019, of the nearly 5,000 Canadians who would have gotten employment-based green cards under current law, more than 4,000 would find immigration visas unavailable - none in EB-1.  In 2020 and 2021, American employers who have been sponsoring 5,000 or so Canadians a year for green cards, would have barely 700 available – none in EB-1.

After that, there would be none for Canada in any employment-based immigration category until the backlog equalizes for all nations. There is now a backlog, limited to two source countries, of 140,050 in EB-1; 466,602 in EB-2, also limited to two sources; and 125,864 – three countries, not including Canada – in EB-3:  a backlog of nearly three quarters of a million green cards, which the Yoder amendment would require to be equalized – not eliminated – before Canadians sponsored by American employers could start getting immigration visas again. In the EB-2 category alone, where applications for Canadians are now current, there would be a 12 year wait, should Yoder become law.